四、不定代词
1. 内涵：非特定指代；前①限定词位置//名词性质;
2. all/every/each
all ：总和/整体,三个及以上
All (of ) the apples were eaten. 所有苹果都吃光了。
every: 强调整体，三个及以上，语气更强
Every apple was eaten. 所有苹果都吃光了。
each: 强调个体，两个及以上
Each country has its own customs.
每个国家都有自己的习俗。
3. some/any; someone/somebody/something/anyone/anybody/anything;
some：说话者比较确定的语气，自己知晓;
any： 说话者不确定的语气，自己不知晓;
I want some stamps. Have you any?
我想要一些邮票。还有吗？
someone/somebody/something
同some内涵相同，说话者知晓；
anyone/anybody/anything
同any内涵相同，说话者不知晓；
① There was something wrong with her computer.
她的电脑出现了一些问题。
② If there is anything wrong，call me up.
有任何问题，给我打电话。
4. either/neither/both/none/no one
either 两者中的任一个或每一个
Either of the twins is smart. 双胞胎都聪明。
neither 两者都不
Neither of them is thin. 两人都不瘦。
both 两者都
Both of them are fat. 两人都胖。
none 三个及以上都不，用于人或物
① None of them has /have passed the test yet. 他们中没有人通过考试。
none of them 强调个体时，用单数；强调整体时，用复数。
② It is none of your business.
这不关你的事。
5. another / the other / others
another: 三个及以上,另外的任意一个
This is not fit me; show me another.
这个不适合我，给我看下别的。
the other 两者中的一个
We have two cats；one is white, the other is blue.
我们有两只猫。一只是白色的，一只是蓝色的。
Others=other people 其他人
Whatever others may say, I will do my best.
不管其他人说什么，我将尽力。
五、疑问代词 参见句子部分疑问句章节
六、关系代词 参见定语从句章节
七、代词使用注意事项
1. 代词与先行词人称一致
Students often think that their difficulties are great.
学生们通常认为他们的困难很大。
We often think that our difficulties are great.
我们通常认为他们的困难很大。
2. 代词与先行词单复数须一致
①If the show succeeds in raising huge sums, we will devote them all to people who were affected.
②If the show succeeds in raising a huge sum, we will devote it all to people who were affected. .
（如果这场演出成功募得巨款，我们将全数捐助受灾人员。）
3. 代词性别
不知道性别的都用女性（国外女权运动的兴起）
When a teacher takes her students out, she must bring everyone safely back to school with her.
教师带学生外出，必须确保每名学生安全带回。
4.代词只能有一个先行词，指代明确，不能有歧义
代词只能有一个合理的先行词。如果一个代词有两个以上的先行词、而且都说得通，那么这个句子就会产生歧义。
When teachers first arrived in this new resort, the locals thought they were very lucky people. （不佳）
教师团队初抵这个新渡假区时，当地人认为他们是非常幸运的人。
此处they既可以指teachers教师团队，也可以指the locals当地人，因此造成指代不明。
修改如下：
① When teachers first arrived in this new resort, the locals thought these outsiders were very lucky people.
教师团队初抵这个新渡假区时，当地人认为这些外来者是非常幸运的。
② When teachers first arrived in this new resort, the locals considered themselves very lucky people.
教师团队初抵这个新渡假区时，当地人认为自己是非常幸运的。
八、 代词信息流举例
注意标注的黑体部分的代词替代
The old man sat down on a stone at the foot of the hill, to rest himself and gather strength for the ascent.He gazed after Hanson, and sighed as he thought of the days of his youth, now far back in the past.A tear was beginning to gather in his eye,when another little boy, John Wilson, came up to him and said, "Shall I help you up the hill with your load?"
老人坐在山脚下的一块石头上休息，打算攒点力气往上爬。他注视着汉森，感叹并回忆起自己远去的年青时光。就在几乎落泪之时，另一个小男孩约翰·威尔逊跑过来，对他说：“我能帮您把行李运上山吗？”