C|从汇编的角度理解被调函数返回不同类型的值给主调函数

被调函数返回不同类型的值给主调函数,根据返回值类型的大小,有不同的返回方式。

1 返回int

示例代码:

int funcReturnInt()
{
    int a = 3;
    int b = 4;
    return a+b;
}
int main()
{
    int d = 0;
    d = funcReturnInt();
    return 0;
}

汇编:

13:       int d = 0;
004010A8   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],0
14:       d = funcReturnInt();
004010AF   call        @ILT+20(funcReturnDouble) (00401019)
004010B4   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],eax    // int返回值保存在eax寄存器,mov到[ebp-4]

函数调用时:

9:        return a+b;
00401046   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-4] // 这里的[ebp-4]是被调函数的局部变量a
00401049   add         eax,dword ptr [ebp-8] 

如果是返回指针,也同样是通过寄存器eax。

2 返回double

示例代码:

double funcReturndouble()
{
    double a = 1.1;
    double b = 2.2;
    return a+b;
}
double main()
{
    double d = 0;
    d = funcReturndouble();
    return 0;
}

汇编:

13:       double d = 0;
00401088   mov         dword ptr [ebp-8],0
0040108F   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],0
14:       d = funcReturndouble();
00401096   call        @ILT+10(funcReturndouble) (0040100f)
0040109B   fstp        qword ptr [ebp-8]  // 浮点栈pop给[ebp-8]

调用函数时有一个压浮点栈操作:

9:        return a+b;
00401054   fld         qword ptr [ebp-8]   // 浮点栈push被调函数的局部变量a
00401057   fadd        qword ptr [ebp-10h] // 先前push入的值再加入b

float也是同样的fstp和fld指令。

3 返回复合类型

示例代码:

struct employee{
    int id;
    char sex;
    double salary;
};

employee funcReturnCompoundValue(employee ee)
{
    employee tmp(ee);
    return tmp;
}

int main()
{
    employee ee;
    ee.id=3;
    ee.sex = 'm';
    ee.salary = 5555;
    employee ef;
    ef=funcReturnCompoundValue(ee);
    return 0;
}

函数调用的汇编代码:

19:       employee ef;
20:       ef=funcReturnCompoundValue(ee);
004010C4   sub         esp,10h  // 参数需要16个字节
004010C7   mov         eax,esp
004010C9   mov         ecx,dword ptr [ebp-10h]
004010CC   mov         dword ptr [eax],ecx         // 开始压参
004010CE   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]
004010D1   mov         dword ptr [eax+4],edx
004010D4   mov         ecx,dword ptr [ebp-8]
004010D7   mov         dword ptr [eax+8],ecx
004010DA   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-4]
004010DD   mov         dword ptr [eax+0Ch],edx
004010E0   lea         eax,[ebp-40h]
004010E3   push        eax       // 压入存放返回值的起始地址(被调函数栈帧内)
004010E4   call        @ILT+5(funcReturnCompoundValue) (0040100a) // 跳转的同时会压入返回地址004010E9

开始调用函数:

7:    employee funcReturnCompoundValue(employee ee)
8:    {
00401020   push        ebp
00401021   mov         ebp,esp
00401023   sub         esp,50h
00401026   push        ebx
00401027   push        esi
00401028   push        edi
00401029   lea         edi,[ebp-50h]
0040102C   mov         ecx,14h
00401031   mov         eax,0CCCCCCCCh
00401036   rep stos    dword ptr [edi]
  9:        employee tmp(ee);
00401038   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp+0Ch]
0040103B   mov         dword ptr [ebp-10h],eax
0040103E   mov         ecx,dword ptr [ebp+10h]
00401041   mov         dword ptr [ebp-0Ch],ecx
00401044   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp+14h]
00401047   mov         dword ptr [ebp-8],edx
0040104A   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp+18h]
0040104D   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],eax

此时的栈帧:

调用函数时返回的汇编

10:       return tmp;
00401050   mov         ecx,dword ptr [ebp+8]    // 将返回地值的起始地址读入 ecx
00401053   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-10h] // 待返回值的起始地址的值读入 edx
00401056   mov         dword ptr [ecx],edx    // 3
00401058   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]
0040105B   mov         dword ptr [ecx+4],eax // 'm'
0040105E   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-8]  // 5555的半段
00401061   mov         dword ptr [ecx+8],edx
00401064   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-4]
00401067   mov         dword ptr [ecx+0Ch],eax
0040106A   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp+8]
11:   }

回到主调函数:

004010E9   add         esp,14h // 参数16个字节+4个字节的存入返回值的起始地址
004010EC   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]    // eax存储的是存放返回值的起始地址
004010EE   mov         dword ptr [ebp-30h],ecx  // ebp-30 = 下图的0012FF18
004010F1   mov         edx,dword ptr [eax+4]
004010F4   mov         dword ptr [ebp-2Ch],edx
004010F7   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax+8]
004010FA   mov         dword ptr [ebp-28h],ecx
004010FD   mov         edx,dword ptr [eax+0Ch]
00401100   mov         dword ptr [ebp-24h],edx
00401103   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-30h]
00401106   mov         dword ptr [ebp-20h],eax // ebp-20 = 下图的0012FF28
00401109   mov         ecx,dword ptr [ebp-2Ch]
0040110C   mov         dword ptr [ebp-1Ch],ecx
0040110F   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-28h]
00401112   mov         dword ptr [ebp-18h],edx
00401115   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-24h]
00401118   mov         dword ptr [ebp-14h],eax
21:       return 0;
0040111B   xor         eax,eax

图示:

当返回复合类型,需要在主调函数的栈帧内指定一块内存空间。在被调函数的栈帧上,会保存指向主调函数存储返回值的内存空间的起始地址。

-End-

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